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1 Ackermann, Rudolph
[br]b. 20 April 1764 Stolberg, Saxonyd. 30 March 1834 Finchley, London, England[br]German-born fine-art publisher and bookseller, noted for his arrangement of the steering of the front wheels of horse-drawn carriages, which is still used in automobiles today.[br]Ackermann's father was a coachbuilder and harness-maker who in 1775 moved to Schneeberg. Rudolph was educated there and later entered his father's workshop for a short time. He visited Dresden, among other towns in Germany, and was resident in Paris for a short time, but eventually settled in London. For the first ten years of his life there he was employed in making designs for many of the leading coach builders. His steering-gear consisted of an arrangement of the track arms on the stub axles and their connection by the track rod in such a way that the inner wheel moved through a greater angle than the outer one, so giving approximately true rolling of the wheels in cornering. A necessary condition for this is that, in the plan view, the point of intersection of the axes of all the wheels must be at a point which always lies on the projection of the rear axle. In addition, the front wheels are inclined to bring the line of contact of the front wheels under the line of the pivots, about which they turn when cornering. This mechanism was not entirely new, having been proposed for windmill carriages in 1714 by Du Quet, but it was brought into prominence by Ackermann and so has come to bear his name.In 1801 he patented a method of rendering paper, cloth and other materials waterproof and set up a factory in Chelsea for that purpose. He was one of the first private persons to light his business premises with gas. He also devoted some time to a patent for movable carriage axles between 1818 and 1820. In 1805 he was put in charge of the preparation of the funeral car for Lord Nelson.Most of his life and endeavours were devoted to fine-art printing and publishing. He was responsible for the introduction into England of lithography as a fine art: it had first been introduced as a mechanical process in 1801, but was mainly used for copying until Ackermann took it up in 1817, setting up a press and engaging the services of a number of prominent artists, including W.H.Pyne, W.Combe, Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson. In 1819 he published an English translation of J.A.Senefelder's A Complete Course of Lithography, illustrated with lithographic plates from his press. He was much involved in charitable works for widows, children and wounded soldiers after the war of 1814. In 1830 he suffered "an attack of paralysis" which left him unable to continue in business. He died four years later and was buried at St Clement Danes.[br]BibliographyHis fine-art publications are numerous and well known, and include the following:The Microcosm of London University of Oxford University of Cambridge The ThamesFurther ReadingAubrey F.Burstall, "A history of mechanical engineering", Dictionary of National Biography.IMcN -
2 Automotive engineering
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Austin, HerbertIssigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold ConstantineMorris, William Richard -
3 Land transport
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Austin, HerbertHamilton, Harold LeeIssigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold ConstantineMa JunMorris, William RichardSauerbrun, Charles de
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Rudolph Ackermann — (* 20. April 1764 in Stollberg, Kurfürstentum Sachsen; † 30. März 1834 in London) war ein deutsch britischer Buchhändler, Lithograf, Verleger und Unternehmer … Deutsch Wikipedia
Rudolph Ackermann — (April 20, 1764 ndash;March 30, 1834) was an Anglo German inventor and publisher. Biography He was born at Schneeberg, in Saxony, where he attended the Latin school. His wish to study at the university was made impossible by lack of financial… … Wikipedia
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Rudolph von Koch — Rudolph Koch (seit 1908 von Koch) (* 24. November 1847 in Gandersheim; † 20. März 1923 in Berlin) war ein deutscher Bankmanager. Er war von 1900 bis 1909 Vorstandssprecher der Deutschen Bank und später Vorsitzender des Aufsichtsrates. Leben Koch… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Rudolf Ackermann — Rudolph Ackermann Rudolph Ackermann (* 20. April 1764 in Stollberg, Kurfürstentum Sachsen; † 30. März 1834 in London) war ein deutsch britischer Buchhändler, Lithograph, Verleger und Unternehmer. Ursprünglich nach dem Besuch der Lateinschule wie… … Deutsch Wikipedia
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